Used car buyer guides

Short, practical guides for buying a used car: checking its history, test driving it, talking to the dealer, and the paperwork afterwards.

• How to check a used car's history by VINWhere to find the VIN, the free official checks for recalls, theft and title brands, what a paid report adds, and the red flags to look for before you buy.
• Used car test drive checklistWhat to check before, during and after a used car test drive: a cold start, tires, brakes, steering, the transmission, the air conditioning and the warning lights.
• Questions to ask a used car dealerThe questions that get you a clear picture of a used car and its real price: the out-the-door price, history, warranty, recalls, keys and an independent inspection.
• Title and registration after buying a used car in TexasWhat happens after you buy a used car in Texas: what a dealer handles, and for a private sale the 30-day deadline, the signed title, Form 130-U, insurance and the 6.25% sales tax.
• Trade in or sell privately? What Texas buyers should knowTrading in is quicker and in Texas lowers the sales tax on your next car; selling privately usually gets a higher price. How to compare the two, with a worked example.
• The true cost of owning a used carThe price is only the start. How to add up sales tax and fees, insurance, fuel, maintenance and a loan's interest, so you compare cars by what they really cost you.